TY - JOUR
T1 - Advancements, Trends and Future Prospects of Lower Limb Prosthesis
AU - Asif, Muhammad
AU - Tiwana, Mohsin Islam
AU - Khan, Umar Shahbaz
AU - Qureshi, Waqar Shahid
AU - Iqbal, Javaid
AU - Rashid, Nasir
AU - Naseer, Noman
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 IEEE.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Amputees with lower limb loss need special care during daily life activities to make the movement natural as before amputation. No such work exists covering the main aspects from causes of amputation to the psycho-social impact of the amputees after using the prosthetic device. This review presents for lower limb prosthesis; the study of lower limb amputation, design development, control strategies machine learning algorithms, the psycho-social impact of prosthetic users, and design trends in patents. Research articles, review papers, magazines, letters, study reports, surveys, and patents, etc. have been used as sources for this review. Traumatic injuries and different diseases have been found as common causes of amputation. Design development section illustrates design mechanisms, the categories of passive, active, semi-active prostheses, an overview of a subset of commercially available prosthetic devices, and 3D printing of the accessories. The control section provides information about control techniques, sensors used, machine learning algorithms, and their key outcomes. Quality of life, phantom limb pain, and psycho-social impact of prosthetic users have been summarized for different countries that are believed to attract the interest of the readers. We have also developed an open-source database 'FAKH-50' for patents to emphasize the design trends and advancements in lower limb prostheses from 1970 to 2020. Overall trend analysis determined is in the descending order as the knee (48%) > ankle (28%) > foot (22%) > hip (2%) patents in the current version of our database. The forthcoming section highlights the challenges and prospects of the domain. A mutual observation demands the design of a bio-compatible, lightweight, and economic prosthesis to track the normal human gait by eliminating phantom limb pain. This will empower the amputees to live a quality life in society. This work may be beneficial for researchers, technicians, clinicians, and amputees.
AB - Amputees with lower limb loss need special care during daily life activities to make the movement natural as before amputation. No such work exists covering the main aspects from causes of amputation to the psycho-social impact of the amputees after using the prosthetic device. This review presents for lower limb prosthesis; the study of lower limb amputation, design development, control strategies machine learning algorithms, the psycho-social impact of prosthetic users, and design trends in patents. Research articles, review papers, magazines, letters, study reports, surveys, and patents, etc. have been used as sources for this review. Traumatic injuries and different diseases have been found as common causes of amputation. Design development section illustrates design mechanisms, the categories of passive, active, semi-active prostheses, an overview of a subset of commercially available prosthetic devices, and 3D printing of the accessories. The control section provides information about control techniques, sensors used, machine learning algorithms, and their key outcomes. Quality of life, phantom limb pain, and psycho-social impact of prosthetic users have been summarized for different countries that are believed to attract the interest of the readers. We have also developed an open-source database 'FAKH-50' for patents to emphasize the design trends and advancements in lower limb prostheses from 1970 to 2020. Overall trend analysis determined is in the descending order as the knee (48%) > ankle (28%) > foot (22%) > hip (2%) patents in the current version of our database. The forthcoming section highlights the challenges and prospects of the domain. A mutual observation demands the design of a bio-compatible, lightweight, and economic prosthesis to track the normal human gait by eliminating phantom limb pain. This will empower the amputees to live a quality life in society. This work may be beneficial for researchers, technicians, clinicians, and amputees.
KW - Causes of amputation
KW - design mechanisms
KW - human gait cycle
KW - lower limb amputation
KW - lower limb prosthesis
KW - semi-active prosthesis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111043443&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3086807
DO - 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3086807
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85111043443
SN - 2169-3536
VL - 9
SP - 85956
EP - 85977
JO - IEEE Access
JF - IEEE Access
M1 - 9447780
ER -
