TY - JOUR
T1 - Better off dead
T2 - assessment of aquatic disinfectants and thermal shock treatments to prevent the spread of invasive freshwater bivalves
AU - Coughlan, Neil E.
AU - Bradbeer, Stephanie J.
AU - Cuthbert, Ross N.
AU - Cunningham, Eoghan M.
AU - Crane, Kate
AU - Potts, Stephen
AU - Caffrey, Joe M.
AU - Lucy, Frances E.
AU - Dunn, Alison M.
AU - Davis, Eithne
AU - Renals, Trevor
AU - Quinn, Claire
AU - Dick, Jaimie T.A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/4/1
Y1 - 2020/4/1
N2 - Biosecurity protocols designed to prevent further spread of invasive alien species have become a key component of invader management strategies. Yet, the species-specific efficacy of many biosecurity treatments are frequently unclear or unknown. Invasive quagga, Dreissena bugensis, and zebra mussels, D. polymorpha, are a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Here, we examine the effectiveness of immersion (≤ 90 min) within 2% or 4% solutions for two commonly used disinfectants (Virasure® Aquatic and Virkon® Aquatic) to cause mortality of adult Dreissena bivalves. Further, we assessed the effectiveness of thermal treatments: steam spray (≥ 100 °C; ≤ 120 s); hot air (− 500 °C; ≤ 60 s); and dry ice exposure (− 78 °C; ≤ 300 g; 15 min). Complete mortality of D. polymorpha was observed following exposure to both disinfectants for 90 min, at both concentrations. However, high but incomplete mortality (40–90%) was recorded for D. bugensis across disinfectant treatments. For both species, complete mortality was achieved following 30 s of steam. In addition, 10 s of hot air and 15 min exposure to 300 g of dry ice can both completely killed groups of D. polymorpha. Overall, although the disinfectants did not cause complete mortality, it appears that relatively brief exposure to thermal treatments could be used to curtail the further spread of Dreissena species.
AB - Biosecurity protocols designed to prevent further spread of invasive alien species have become a key component of invader management strategies. Yet, the species-specific efficacy of many biosecurity treatments are frequently unclear or unknown. Invasive quagga, Dreissena bugensis, and zebra mussels, D. polymorpha, are a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Here, we examine the effectiveness of immersion (≤ 90 min) within 2% or 4% solutions for two commonly used disinfectants (Virasure® Aquatic and Virkon® Aquatic) to cause mortality of adult Dreissena bivalves. Further, we assessed the effectiveness of thermal treatments: steam spray (≥ 100 °C; ≤ 120 s); hot air (− 500 °C; ≤ 60 s); and dry ice exposure (− 78 °C; ≤ 300 g; 15 min). Complete mortality of D. polymorpha was observed following exposure to both disinfectants for 90 min, at both concentrations. However, high but incomplete mortality (40–90%) was recorded for D. bugensis across disinfectant treatments. For both species, complete mortality was achieved following 30 s of steam. In addition, 10 s of hot air and 15 min exposure to 300 g of dry ice can both completely killed groups of D. polymorpha. Overall, although the disinfectants did not cause complete mortality, it appears that relatively brief exposure to thermal treatments could be used to curtail the further spread of Dreissena species.
KW - Biosecurity
KW - Decontaminate
KW - Dreissena bugensis
KW - Dreissena polymorpha
KW - Invasive alien species
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082450226&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11273-020-09713-4
DO - 10.1007/s11273-020-09713-4
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082450226
SN - 0923-4861
VL - 28
SP - 285
EP - 295
JO - Wetlands Ecology and Management
JF - Wetlands Ecology and Management
IS - 2
ER -