Cetaceans in irish waters: A review of recent research

To date, 24 cetacean species have been recorded in Irish waters. These are protected by a range of legislation, including the Whale Fisheries Act, the Wildlife Act and the EU Habitats Directive, which oblige Ireland to maintain cetacean populations and their habitat at a favourable conservation status. Policies aiming to maintain conservation objectives must be underpinned by scientifi c research. In this paper, we review historical and recent research on cetaceans in Irish waters (within the EEZ) to evaluate present knowledge and identify gaps in research. This information includes historical (pre-1976) records, targeted and incidental land, vessel and aerial based observations, acoustic surveys and monitoring and information from strandings. The habitat requirements of most cetacean species are not fully understood but some important habitats have been identifi ed. A number of threats to the welfare of cetaceans in Irish waters have also been identifi ed, including fi sheries interactions, pollution, climate change and disturbance. Future research required to fi ll gaps in knowledge highlighted by this manuscript is considered and discussed.