TY - JOUR
T1 - Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients
T2 - the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study
AU - on behalf of the EUROBACT-2 Study Group, ESICM, ESCMID ESGCIP and the OUTCOMEREA Network
AU - Tabah, Alexis
AU - Buetti, Niccolò
AU - Staiquly, Quentin
AU - Ruckly, Stéphane
AU - Akova, Murat
AU - Aslan, Abdullah Tarik
AU - Leone, Marc
AU - Conway Morris, Andrew
AU - Bassetti, Matteo
AU - Arvaniti, Kostoula
AU - Lipman, Jeffrey
AU - Ferrer, Ricard
AU - Qiu, Haibo
AU - Paiva, José Artur
AU - Povoa, Pedro
AU - De Bus, Liesbet
AU - De Waele, Jan
AU - Zand, Farid
AU - Gurjar, Mohan
AU - Alsisi, Adel
AU - Abidi, Khalid
AU - Bracht, Hendrik
AU - Hayashi, Yoshiro
AU - Jeon, Kyeongman
AU - Elhadi, Muhammed
AU - Barbier, François
AU - Timsit, Jean François
AU - Tabah, Alexis
AU - Pollock, Hamish
AU - Margetts, Ben
AU - Young, Meredith
AU - Bhadange, Neeraj
AU - Tyler, Steven
AU - Ledtischke, Anne
AU - Finnis, Mackenzie
AU - Ledtischke, Anne
AU - Finnis, Mackenzie
AU - Dwivedi, Jyotsna
AU - Saxena, Manoj
AU - Biradar, Vishwanath
AU - Soar, Natalie
AU - Sarode, Vineet
AU - Brewster, David
AU - Regli, Adrian
AU - Weeda, Elizabeth
AU - Ahmed, Samiul
AU - Fourie, Cheryl
AU - Laupland, Kevin
AU - Ramanan, Mahesh
AU - Faulkner, Maria
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/2
Y1 - 2023/2
N2 - Purpose: In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods: We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results: 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions: HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes.
AB - Purpose: In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods: We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results: 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions: HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes.
KW - antibiotic resistance
KW - bacteremia
KW - bloodstream infection
KW - hospital-acquired
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148678267&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00134-022-06944-2
DO - 10.1007/s00134-022-06944-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 36764959
AN - SCOPUS:85148678267
SN - 0342-4642
VL - 49
SP - 178
EP - 190
JO - Intensive Care Medicine
JF - Intensive Care Medicine
IS - 2
ER -