Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement

M. Mahmood Ali; Sanober F. Memon; Elfed Lewis; Kok Sing Lim; Harith Ahmad

doi:10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208

Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement

M. Mahmood Ali, Sanober F. Memon, Elfed Lewis, Kok Sing Lim, Harith Ahmad

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Few-mode fibers (FMFs) offer several distinct features from single mode fibers and multimode fibers, in terms of medium core size which is capable of accommodating several transverse modes (2-6 modes). In this work, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been inscribed in FMF which exhibits more than one resonant Bragg wavelengths. Few-mode fiber Bragg grating (FM-FBG) can be used as sensing device because of its modal sensitivity to the changes in an ambient environment, such as temperature and refractive index in terms of concentration of the solution. To increase its modal sensitivity for solution concentration, the cladding of FM-FBG is removed, and the Bragg wavelength difference of the modes increases during the etching process. It has been observed that by decreasing the core radius through chemical etching, the Bragg wavelength difference of respective modes increases whereas the power confinement ratio in the core for the respective modes decreases. Therefore we have optimized the core radius as at approximately 7 μm for the enhancement of refractive index modal sensitivities. The fabricated sensor has been characterized with the different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl_(aq)) solution.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016
Editors	Zeyad Yousif Abdoon Al-Shibaany, Atheer F. Hameed
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	308-311
Number of pages	4
ISBN (Electronic)	9781467390538
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208
Publication status	Published - 6 Jan 2017
Externally published	Yes
Event	1st International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016 - Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom Duration: 20 Oct 2016 → 21 Oct 2016

Publication series

Name	2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016

Conference

Conference	1st International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Newcastle Upon Tyne
Period	20/10/16 → 21/10/16

Keywords

Chemical etching
Few-mode fiber Bragg grating
Modal sensitivity
Refractive index

Access to Document

10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208

Cite this

Ali, M. M., Memon, S. F., Lewis, E., Lim, K. S., & Ahmad, H. (2017). Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement. In Z. Y. A. Al-Shibaany, & A. F. Hameed (Eds.), 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016 (pp. 308-311). Article 7810208 (2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208

Ali, M. Mahmood ; Memon, Sanober F. ; Lewis, Elfed et al. / Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement. 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016. editor / Zeyad Yousif Abdoon Al-Shibaany ; Atheer F. Hameed. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017. pp. 308-311 (2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016).

@inproceedings{8f39cac1e5ba475e9e0c843489539ca6,

title = "Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement",

abstract = "Few-mode fibers (FMFs) offer several distinct features from single mode fibers and multimode fibers, in terms of medium core size which is capable of accommodating several transverse modes (2-6 modes). In this work, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been inscribed in FMF which exhibits more than one resonant Bragg wavelengths. Few-mode fiber Bragg grating (FM-FBG) can be used as sensing device because of its modal sensitivity to the changes in an ambient environment, such as temperature and refractive index in terms of concentration of the solution. To increase its modal sensitivity for solution concentration, the cladding of FM-FBG is removed, and the Bragg wavelength difference of the modes increases during the etching process. It has been observed that by decreasing the core radius through chemical etching, the Bragg wavelength difference of respective modes increases whereas the power confinement ratio in the core for the respective modes decreases. Therefore we have optimized the core radius as at approximately 7 μm for the enhancement of refractive index modal sensitivities. The fabricated sensor has been characterized with the different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl(aq)) solution.",

keywords = "Chemical etching, Few-mode fiber Bragg grating, Modal sensitivity, Refractive index",

author = "Ali, {M. Mahmood} and Memon, {Sanober F.} and Elfed Lewis and Lim, {Kok Sing} and Harith Ahmad",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering.; 1st International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016 ; Conference date: 20-10-2016 Through 21-10-2016",

year = "2017",

month = jan,

day = "6",

doi = "10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208",

language = "English",

series = "2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

pages = "308--311",

editor = "Al-Shibaany, {Zeyad Yousif Abdoon} and Hameed, {Atheer F.}",

booktitle = "2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016",

}

Ali, MM, Memon, SF, Lewis, E, Lim, KS & Ahmad, H 2017, Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement. in ZYA Al-Shibaany & AF Hameed (eds), 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016., 7810208, 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 308-311, 1st International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 20/10/16. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208

Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement. / Ali, M. Mahmood; Memon, Sanober F.; Lewis, Elfed et al.
2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016. ed. / Zeyad Yousif Abdoon Al-Shibaany; Atheer F. Hameed. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017. p. 308-311 7810208 (2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement

AU - Ali, M. Mahmood

AU - Memon, Sanober F.

AU - Lewis, Elfed

AU - Lim, Kok Sing

AU - Ahmad, Harith

PY - 2017/1/6

Y1 - 2017/1/6

N2 - Few-mode fibers (FMFs) offer several distinct features from single mode fibers and multimode fibers, in terms of medium core size which is capable of accommodating several transverse modes (2-6 modes). In this work, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been inscribed in FMF which exhibits more than one resonant Bragg wavelengths. Few-mode fiber Bragg grating (FM-FBG) can be used as sensing device because of its modal sensitivity to the changes in an ambient environment, such as temperature and refractive index in terms of concentration of the solution. To increase its modal sensitivity for solution concentration, the cladding of FM-FBG is removed, and the Bragg wavelength difference of the modes increases during the etching process. It has been observed that by decreasing the core radius through chemical etching, the Bragg wavelength difference of respective modes increases whereas the power confinement ratio in the core for the respective modes decreases. Therefore we have optimized the core radius as at approximately 7 μm for the enhancement of refractive index modal sensitivities. The fabricated sensor has been characterized with the different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl(aq)) solution.

AB - Few-mode fibers (FMFs) offer several distinct features from single mode fibers and multimode fibers, in terms of medium core size which is capable of accommodating several transverse modes (2-6 modes). In this work, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been inscribed in FMF which exhibits more than one resonant Bragg wavelengths. Few-mode fiber Bragg grating (FM-FBG) can be used as sensing device because of its modal sensitivity to the changes in an ambient environment, such as temperature and refractive index in terms of concentration of the solution. To increase its modal sensitivity for solution concentration, the cladding of FM-FBG is removed, and the Bragg wavelength difference of the modes increases during the etching process. It has been observed that by decreasing the core radius through chemical etching, the Bragg wavelength difference of respective modes increases whereas the power confinement ratio in the core for the respective modes decreases. Therefore we have optimized the core radius as at approximately 7 μm for the enhancement of refractive index modal sensitivities. The fabricated sensor has been characterized with the different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl(aq)) solution.

KW - Chemical etching

KW - Few-mode fiber Bragg grating

KW - Modal sensitivity

KW - Refractive index

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85015158543&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208

DO - 10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:85015158543

T3 - 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016

SP - 308

EP - 311

BT - 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016

A2 - Al-Shibaany, Zeyad Yousif Abdoon

A2 - Hameed, Atheer F.

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 1st International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016

Y2 - 20 October 2016 through 21 October 2016

ER -

Ali MM, Memon SF, Lewis E, Lim KS, Ahmad H. Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement. In Al-Shibaany ZYA, Hameed AF, editors, 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2017. p. 308-311. 7810208. (2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering, ICSAE 2016). doi: 10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810208

Modal sensitivity enhancement of few-mode fiber Bragg gratings for refractive index measurement

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this