TY - JOUR
T1 - The behavioural repertoire of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in captivity
T2 - A case study for testing ethogram completeness and reducing observer effects
AU - Bolgan, Marta
AU - O'Brien, Joanne
AU - Gammell, Martin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - In the last 20 years, research has been directed towards possible differences in the mating behaviour of species belonging to the Salmonidae family that may reproductively isolate wild populations from escaped hatchery or farmed fish. Despite these studies, a detailed description of the overall behavioural repertoire of Salmonidae species from wild and farmed environments is still lacking. Furthermore, although Arctic charr has been described as the most variable between all vertebrate species, possible behavioural plasticity outside of the breeding season has not been widely investigated, and a complete ethogram for Arctic charr not in breeding condition is currently unavailable. This study presents the first complete ethogram of captive Arctic charr behaviour outside of the breeding season. The completeness of this ethogram was validated based on the Behavioural Accumulation Curves methodology, a reliable and easy to use tool for assessing the best compromise between sampling effort and ethogram completeness. Additionally, a new way of presenting an ethogram has been proposed and validated using a dichotomous key to describe behaviour types. This proved to be a more effective operational tool for identifying Arctic charr behaviour than the ethogram. The dichotomous key of behaviour led to a significantly less ambiguous identification of behavioural units, thus reducing observer, recording errors and enhancing accuracy. This study therefore represents an effective step forward to a more in-depth and rigorous comparison of Arctic charr behavioural adaptation between and within artificial and natural settings.
AB - In the last 20 years, research has been directed towards possible differences in the mating behaviour of species belonging to the Salmonidae family that may reproductively isolate wild populations from escaped hatchery or farmed fish. Despite these studies, a detailed description of the overall behavioural repertoire of Salmonidae species from wild and farmed environments is still lacking. Furthermore, although Arctic charr has been described as the most variable between all vertebrate species, possible behavioural plasticity outside of the breeding season has not been widely investigated, and a complete ethogram for Arctic charr not in breeding condition is currently unavailable. This study presents the first complete ethogram of captive Arctic charr behaviour outside of the breeding season. The completeness of this ethogram was validated based on the Behavioural Accumulation Curves methodology, a reliable and easy to use tool for assessing the best compromise between sampling effort and ethogram completeness. Additionally, a new way of presenting an ethogram has been proposed and validated using a dichotomous key to describe behaviour types. This proved to be a more effective operational tool for identifying Arctic charr behaviour than the ethogram. The dichotomous key of behaviour led to a significantly less ambiguous identification of behavioural units, thus reducing observer, recording errors and enhancing accuracy. This study therefore represents an effective step forward to a more in-depth and rigorous comparison of Arctic charr behavioural adaptation between and within artificial and natural settings.
KW - Behavioural accumulation curves
KW - Captivity
KW - Dichotomous key of behaviour
KW - Ethogram
KW - Fish
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84960111890&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/eff.12212
DO - 10.1111/eff.12212
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84960111890
SN - 0906-6691
VL - 25
SP - 318
EP - 328
JO - Ecology of Freshwater Fish
JF - Ecology of Freshwater Fish
IS - 2
ER -