The yield behavior of Leighton Buzzard sand in a hollow cylinder apparatus

The yield behavior of Leighton Buzzard sand was investigated for different magnitudes of the three principal stresses and rotation of the major principal stress axis using a hollow cylinder apparatus. The magnitude of the deviator stress at yield was found to vary continuously, although in a well-defined pattern, under generalized stress conditions. The Lade yield criteria and Matsuoka-Nakai yield criteria were both found to adequately predict the onset of yielding under generalized stress conditions. The experimental data for the Mohr-Coulomb yield criteria deviated most from the theoretical values and did not follow a consistent pattern. The experimental data indicated that the magnitude of the deviator stress at yield and the magnitude of all three yield criteria were independent of the magnitude of rotation of the major principal stress axis.